T1656: Impersonation

Adversaries may impersonate a trusted person or organization in order to persuade and trick a target into performing some action on their behalf. For example, adversaries may communicate with victims (via Phishing for Information, Phishing, or Internal Spearphishing) while impersonating a known sender such as an executive, colleague, or third-party vendor. Established trust can then be leveraged to accomplish an adversary’s ultimate goals, possibly against multiple victims.

In many cases of business email compromise or email fraud campaigns, adversaries use impersonation to defraud victims -- deceiving them into sending money or divulging information that ultimately enables Financial Theft.

Adversaries will often also use social engineering techniques such as manipulative and persuasive language in email subject lines and body text such as payment, request, or urgent to push the victim to act quickly before malicious activity is detected. These campaigns are often specifically targeted against people who, due to job roles and/or accesses, can carry out the adversary’s goal.  

Impersonation is typically preceded by reconnaissance techniques such as Gather Victim Identity Information and Gather Victim Org Information as well as acquiring infrastructure such as email domains (i.e. Domains) to substantiate their false identity.

There is the potential for multiple victims in campaigns involving impersonation. For example, an adversary may Compromise Accounts targeting one organization which can then be used to support impersonation against other entities.

Positive Technologies products that cover the technique

Description of detection methods is not available yet

Detection

IDDS0015Data source and componentApplication Log: Application Log ContentDescription

Review and monitor email and other user communication logs for signs of impersonation, such as suspicious emails (e.g., from known malicious or compromised accounts) or content associated with an adversary's actions on objective (e.g., abnormal monetary transactions).

Mitigation

IDM1017NameUser TrainingDescription

Train users to be aware of impersonation tricks and how to counter them, for example confirming incoming requests through an independent platform like a phone call or in-person, to reduce risk.

IDM1019NameThreat Intelligence ProgramDescription

Threat intelligence helps defenders and users be aware of and defend against common lures and active campaigns that have been used for impersonation.